Limited cross-border infections in patients newly diagnosed with HIV in Europe

Authors: Abecasis AB, Albert J, Åsjö B, Balotta C, Beshkov D, Camacho RJ, Clotet B, Coughlan S, De Wit S, Frentz D, Griskevicius A, Grossman Z, Hamouda O, Horban A, Jørgensen LB, Kolupajeva T, Korn K, Kostrikis LG, Kücherer C, Liitsola K, Linka M, Nielsen C, Otelea D, Paraskevis D, Paredes R, Poljak M, Schmit JC, Sönnerborg A, Staneková D, Stanojevic M, Struck D, Vandamme AM, Wensing AMJ
Publication Year: 2013
Journal: Retrovirology
Link: http://www.retrovirology.com/content/10/1/36

International travel plays a role in the spread of HIV-1 across Europe. It is, however, not known whether international travel is more important for spread of the epidemic as compared to endogenous infections within single countries. In this study, phylogenetic associations among HIV of newly diagnosed patients were determined across Europe.
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Prediction of response to antiretroviral therapy by human experts and by the EuResist data-driven expert system (the EVE study).

OBJECTIVES:
The EuResist expert system is a novel data-driven online system for computing the probability of 8-week success for any given pair of HIV-1 genotype and combination antiretroviral therapy regimen plus optional patient information. The objective of this study was to compare the EuResist system vs. human experts (EVE) for the ability to predict response to treatment.
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Treatment-associated polymorphisms in protease are significantly associated with higher viral load and lower CD4 count in newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-1 infected patients.

BACKGROUND:
The effect of drug resistance transmission on disease progression in the newly infected patient is not well understood. Major drug resistance mutations severely impair viral fitness in a drug free environment, and therefore are expected to revert quickly. Compensatory mutations, often already polymorphic in wild-type viruses, do not tend to revert after transmission.
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HIV-1 subtype is an independent predictor of reverse transcriptase mutation k65r in HIV-1 patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy including tenofovir

Authors: Abecasis AB, Camacho RJ, Clotet B, De Luca A, Grossman Z, Schülter E, Snoeck J, Sönnerborg A, Struck D, Theys K, Torti C, Vandamme AM, Vercauteren J, Zazzi M
Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23183438

Subtype-dependent selection of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase resistance mutation K65R was previously observed in cell culture and small clinical investigations. We compared K65R prevalence across subtypes A, B, C, F, G, and CRF02_AG separately in a cohort of 3,076 patients on combination therapy including tenofovir. K65R selection was significantly higher in HIV-1 subtype C. This could not be explained by clinical and demographic factors in multivariate analysis, suggesting subtype sequence-specific K65R pathways.
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HIV-1 sub- type distribution and its demographic determinants in newly diagnosed patients in Europe suggest highly compartmentalized epidemics

Authors: Abecasis AB, Albert J, Åsjö B, Balotta C, Beshkov D, Boucher CA, Camacho RJ, Clotet B, De Gascun C, Griskevicius A, Grossman Z, Hamouda O, Horban A, Kolupajeva T, Korn K, Kostrikis LG, Kücherer C, Liitsola K, Linka M, Nielsen C, Otelea D, Paraskevis D, Paredes R, Poljak M, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Schmit JC, Sönnerborg A, Staneková D, Stanojevic M, Struck D, Theys K, Van de Vijver DMC, Vandamme AM, Vercauteren J, Wensing AMJ
Publication Year: 2013
Journal: Retrovirology
Link: http://www.retrovirology.com/content/10/1/7

Understanding HIV-1 subtype distribution and epidemiology can assist preventive measures and clinical decisions. Sequence variation may affect antiviral drug resistance development, disease progression, evolutionary rates and transmission routes.
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Limited cross-border infections in patients newly diagnosed with HIV in Europe

Prediction of response to antiretroviral therapy by human experts and by the EuResist data-driven expert system (the EVE study).

Treatment-associated polymorphisms in protease are significantly associated with higher viral load and lower CD4 count in newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-1 infected patients.

HIV-1 subtype is an independent predictor of reverse transcriptase mutation k65r in HIV-1 patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy including tenofovir

HIV-1 sub- type distribution and its demographic determinants in newly diagnosed patients in Europe suggest highly compartmentalized epidemics

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