Limited cross-border infections in patients newly diagnosed with HIV in Europe

Authors: Abecasis AB, Albert J, Åsjö B, Balotta C, Beshkov D, Camacho RJ, Clotet B, Coughlan S, De Wit S, Frentz D, Griskevicius A, Grossman Z, Hamouda O, Horban A, Jørgensen LB, Kolupajeva T, Korn K, Kostrikis LG, Kücherer C, Liitsola K, Linka M, Nielsen C, Otelea D, Paraskevis D, Paredes R, Poljak M, Schmit JC, Sönnerborg A, Staneková D, Stanojevic M, Struck D, Vandamme AM, Wensing AMJ
Publication Year: 2013
Journal: Retrovirology
Link: http://www.retrovirology.com/content/10/1/36

International travel plays a role in the spread of HIV-1 across Europe. It is, however, not known whether international travel is more important for spread of the epidemic as compared to endogenous infections within single countries. In this study, phylogenetic associations among HIV of newly diagnosed patients were determined across Europe.
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European Recommendations for the Clinical Use of HIV Drug Resistance Testing: 2011 Update.

Authors: Ceccherini-Silberstein F, De Luca A, European HIV Drug Resistance Guidelines Panel, Palmisano L, Paraskevis D, Paredes R, Poljak M, Schmit JC, Sönnerborg A, Soriano V, Walter H, Camacho RJ, Vandamme AM
Journal: AIDS Reviews
Link: https://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=19&SID=Y2ytOr2frNCuRlReLtM&page=1&doc=1

The European HIV Drug Resistance Guidelines Panel, established to make recommendations to clinicians and virologists, felt that sufficient new information has become available to warrant an update of its recommendations, explained in both pocket guidelines and this full paper.
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Appearance of a single amino acid insertion at position 33 in HIV type 1 protease under a lopinavir-containing regimen, associated with reduced protease inhibitor susceptibility.

HIV drug resistance is a multifactorial phenomenon and constitutes a major concern as it results in therapy failure. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an amino acid insertion identified at position 33 of the protease gene, derived from samples from three patients under lopinavir therapy, on viral fitness and protease inhibitor (PI) resistance.
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Cellular HIV-1 DNA levels in drug sensitive strains are equivalent to those in drug resistant strains in newly-diagnosed patients in Europe

Authors: Balotta C, Clotet B, Demetriou VL, Grossman Z, Jørgensen LB, Kostrikis LG, Kousiappa I, Lepej SZ, Levy I, Nielsen C, Paraskevis D, Poljak M, Roman F, Ruiz L, Schmidt JC, Van de Vijver DA, Vercauteren J, Vandamme AM, Van Laethem K
Journal: PLoS One
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20544014

BACKGROUND:
HIV-1 genotypic drug resistance is an important threat to the success of antiretroviral therapy and transmitted resistance has reached 9% prevalence in Europe. Studies have demonstrated that HIV-1 DNA load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) have a predictive value for disease progression, independently of CD4 counts and plasma viral load.
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Treatment-associated polymorphisms in protease are significantly associated with higher viral load and lower CD4 count in newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-1 infected patients.

BACKGROUND:
The effect of drug resistance transmission on disease progression in the newly infected patient is not well understood. Major drug resistance mutations severely impair viral fitness in a drug free environment, and therefore are expected to revert quickly. Compensatory mutations, often already polymorphic in wild-type viruses, do not tend to revert after transmission.
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Limited cross-border infections in patients newly diagnosed with HIV in Europe

European Recommendations for the Clinical Use of HIV Drug Resistance Testing: 2011 Update.

Appearance of a single amino acid insertion at position 33 in HIV type 1 protease under a lopinavir-containing regimen, associated with reduced protease inhibitor susceptibility.

Cellular HIV-1 DNA levels in drug sensitive strains are equivalent to those in drug resistant strains in newly-diagnosed patients in Europe

Treatment-associated polymorphisms in protease are significantly associated with higher viral load and lower CD4 count in newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-1 infected patients.

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