European Recommendations for the Clinical Use of HIV Drug Resistance Testing: 2011 Update.

Autores: Ceccherini-Silberstein F, De Luca A, European HIV Drug Resistance Guidelines Panel, Palmisano L, Paraskevis D, Paredes R, Poljak M, Schmit JC, Sönnerborg A, Soriano V, Walter H, Camacho RJ, Vandamme AM
Journal: AIDS Reviews
Link: https://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=19&SID=Y2ytOr2frNCuRlReLtM&page=1&doc=1

The European HIV Drug Resistance Guidelines Panel, established to make recommendations to clinicians and virologists, felt that sufficient new information has become available to warrant an update of its recommendations, explained in both pocket guidelines and this full paper.
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Cellular HIV-1 DNA levels in drug sensitive strains are equivalent to those in drug resistant strains in newly-diagnosed patients in Europe

Autores: Balotta C, Clotet B, Demetriou VL, Grossman Z, Jørgensen LB, Kostrikis LG, Kousiappa I, Lepej SZ, Levy I, Nielsen C, Paraskevis D, Poljak M, Roman F, Ruiz L, Schmidt JC, Van de Vijver DA, Vercauteren J, Vandamme AM, Van Laethem K
Journal: PLoS One
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20544014

BACKGROUND:
HIV-1 genotypic drug resistance is an important threat to the success of antiretroviral therapy and transmitted resistance has reached 9% prevalence in Europe. Studies have demonstrated that HIV-1 DNA load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) have a predictive value for disease progression, independently of CD4 counts and plasma viral load.
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Treatment-associated polymorphisms in protease are significantly associated with higher viral load and lower CD4 count in newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-1 infected patients.

BACKGROUND:
The effect of drug resistance transmission on disease progression in the newly infected patient is not well understood. Major drug resistance mutations severely impair viral fitness in a drug free environment, and therefore are expected to revert quickly. Compensatory mutations, often already polymorphic in wild-type viruses, do not tend to revert after transmission.
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HIV-1 sub- type distribution and its demographic determinants in newly diagnosed patients in Europe suggest highly compartmentalized epidemics

Autores: Abecasis AB, Albert J, Åsjö B, Balotta C, Beshkov D, Boucher CA, Camacho RJ, Clotet B, De Gascun C, Griskevicius A, Grossman Z, Hamouda O, Horban A, Kolupajeva T, Korn K, Kostrikis LG, Kücherer C, Liitsola K, Linka M, Nielsen C, Otelea D, Paraskevis D, Paredes R, Poljak M, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Schmit JC, Sönnerborg A, Staneková D, Stanojevic M, Struck D, Theys K, Van de Vijver DMC, Vandamme AM, Vercauteren J, Wensing AMJ
Ano de Publicação: 2013
Journal: Retrovirology
Link: http://www.retrovirology.com/content/10/1/7

Understanding HIV-1 subtype distribution and epidemiology can assist preventive measures and clinical decisions. Sequence variation may affect antiviral drug resistance development, disease progression, evolutionary rates and transmission routes.
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Geographic and Temporal Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance: An Individual-Patient- and Sequence-Level Meta-Analysis

Autores: Aghokeng AF, Albert J, Avi R, Avila-Rios S, Bertagnolio S, Bessong PO, Blanco JL, Boucher CA, Brooks JI, Brumme ZL, Busch MP, Bussmann H, Chaix ML, Chin BS, D'Aquin TT, De Gascun CF, de Wit TR, Derache A, Descamps D, Deshpande AK, Djoko CF, Eshleman SH, Fleury H, Frange P, Fujisaki S, Hamers RL, Harrigan PR, Hattori J, Holguin A, Hunt GM, Ichimura H, Ioannidis JPA, Jordan MR, Kaleebu P, Katzenstein D, Kiertiburanakul S, Kim JH, Kim SS, Lemey P, Li Y, Lutsar I, Morris L, Ndembi N, Ng KP, Paranjape RS, Peeters M, Poljak M, Price MA, Ragonnet-Cronin ML, Reyes-Terán G, Rhee SY, Rolland M, Shafer RW, Sirivichayakul S, Smith DM, Soares MA, Soriano VV, Ssemwanga D, Stanojevic M, Stefani MA, Sugiura W, Sungkanuparph S, Tanuri A, Taylor J, Tee KK, Truong HM, Van de Vijver DA, Vandamme AM, Varghese V, Vidal N, Yang C, Yang R, Yebra G
Ano de Publicação: 2015
Journal: Plos Medicine
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25849352

BACKGROUND: Regional and subtype-specific mutational patterns of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) are essential for informing first-line antiretroviral (ARV) therapy guidelines and designing diagnostic assays for use in regions where standard genotypic resistance testing is not affordable. We sought to understand the molecular epidemiology of TDR and to identify the HIV-1 drug-resistance mutations responsible for […]
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European Recommendations for the Clinical Use of HIV Drug Resistance Testing: 2011 Update.

Cellular HIV-1 DNA levels in drug sensitive strains are equivalent to those in drug resistant strains in newly-diagnosed patients in Europe

Treatment-associated polymorphisms in protease are significantly associated with higher viral load and lower CD4 count in newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-1 infected patients.

HIV-1 sub- type distribution and its demographic determinants in newly diagnosed patients in Europe suggest highly compartmentalized epidemics

Geographic and Temporal Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance: An Individual-Patient- and Sequence-Level Meta-Analysis

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