Non-antibiotics reverse resistance of bacteria to antibiotics.

Authors: Amaral L, Kristiansen JE, Martins A, Thomsen VF, Viveiros M
Journal: In vivo
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20952744

BACKGROUND: Most clinical isolates that exhibit a multi-drug resistant phenotype owe that resistance to over-expressed efflux pumps. Compounds that are efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) reduce or reverse resistance to antibiotics to which the bacterial strain is initially resistant. We have evaluated non-antibiotics to reduce resistance of commonly encountered bacterial pathogens to antibiotics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: […]
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Phenothiazines, bacterial efflux pumps and targeting the macrophage for enhanced killing of intracellular XDRTB

Authors: Amaral L, Couto I, Dastidar S, Fanning S, Kristiansen JE, Martins A, Martins M, McCusker M, Molnar J, Pagès JM, Ramos J, Rodrigues L, Spengler G, Viveiros M
Journal: In vivo
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Phenothiazines%2C+bacterial+efflux+pumps+and+targeting+the+macrophage+for+enhanced+killing+of+intracellular+XDRTB

Phenothiazines have their primary effects on the plasma membrane of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Among the components of the prokaryotic plasma membrane affected are efflux pumps, their energy sources, energy providing enzymes such as ATPases, and genes that regulate and code for permeability aspects of the bacterium.
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Activity of the efflux pump inhibitor SILA 421 against drug-resistant tuberculosis

Authors: Amaral L, Boeree MJ, Christensen JB, Hajos G, Kristiansen JE, Molnar J, Riedl Z, Simons SO, Van der Laan T, Van Ingen J, Van Soolingen D, Viveiros M
Journal: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23410790

Authors: Amaral L, Chaki S, Christensen JB, Dasgupta A, Dastidar SG, Hendricks O, Kristiansen JE, Mukherjee S
Journal: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Thioridazine+protects+the+mouse+from+a+virulent+infection+by+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+Typhimurium+74

When administered to mice at doses of 100microg/mouse and 200microg/mouse, thioridazine (TDZ) significantly protected animals from the lethality produced by a virulent strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and reduced the number of bacteria retrieved from the spleen, liver and heart blood.
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Non-antibiotics reverse resistance of bacteria to antibiotics.

Phenothiazines, bacterial efflux pumps and targeting the macrophage for enhanced killing of intracellular XDRTB

Activity of the efflux pump inhibitor SILA 421 against drug-resistant tuberculosis

Thioridazine protects the mouse from a virulent infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 74

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