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Home / Publicações / Genomic-based surveillance reveals high ongoing transmission of multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Southern Brazil

Genomic-based surveillance reveals high ongoing transmission of multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Southern Brazil

  • Autores: Richard Steiner Salvato, Ana Júlia Reis, Sun Hee Schiefelbein, Michael Andrés Abril Gómez, Stéphanie Steiner Salvato, Larissa Vitória da Silva, Elis Regina Dalla Costa, Gisela Unis, Claudia Fontoura Dias, Miguel Viveiros, Isabel Portugal, Andrea von Groll, Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva, Afrânio Lineu Kritski, João Perdigão, Maria Lucia Rosa Rossetti
  • Ano de Publicação: 2021
  • Journal: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 58(4), art 106401
  • Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106401

HIGHLIGHTS

• Disputed mutations were found in 21.9% of strains resistant to isoniazid alone, evidencing underestimation of multi-drug resistance.
• 73.4% of multi-drug-resistant cases were linked to ongoing transmission events.
• Intracluster acquisition of novel drug-resistance mutations was found, revealing important amplification of resistance.

ABSTRACT

Genomic-based surveillance on the occurrence of drug resistance and its transmission dynamics has emerged as a powerful tool for the control of tuberculosis (TB). A whole-genome sequencing approach, phenotypic testing and clinical-epidemiological investigation were used to undertake a retrospective population-based study on drug-resistant (DR)-TB in Rio Grande do Sul, the largest state in Southern Brazil. The analysis included 305 resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains sampled statewide from 2011 to 2014, and covered 75.7% of all DR-TB cases identified in this period. Lineage 4 was found to be predominant (99.3%), with high sublineage-level diversity composed mainly of 4.3.4.2 [Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM)/RD174], 4.3.3 (LAM/RD115) and 4.1.2.1 (Haarlem/RD182) sublineages. Genomic diversity was also reflected in resistance of the variants to first-line drugs. A large number of distinct resistance-conferring mutations, including variants that have not been reported previously in any other setting worldwide, and 22 isoniazid-monoresistant strains with mutations described as disputed in the rpoB gene but causing rifampicin resistance generally missed by automated phenotypic tests as BACTEC MGIT. Using a cut-off of five single nucleotide polymorphisms, the estimated recent transmission rate was 55.1%, with 168 strains grouped into 28 genomic clusters. The most worrying fact concerns multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains, of which 73.4% were clustered. Different resistance profiles and acquisition of novel mutations intraclusters revealed important amplification of resistance in the region. This study described the diversity of M. tuberculosis strains, the basis of drug resistance, and ongoing transmission dynamics across the largest state in Southern Brazil, stressing the urgent need for MDR-TB transmission control state-wide.

KEYWORDS

Tuberculosis; Drug resistance; Transmission; Whole-genome sequencing.

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About GHTM

GHTM is a R&D Center that brings together researchers from IHMT with a track record in Tropical Medicine and International/Global Health. It aims at strengthening Portugal's role as a leading partner in the development and implementation of a global health research agenda. Our evidence-based interventions contribute to the promotion of equity in health and to improve the health of populations.

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