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Home / Publications / Typhoid fever infection – Antibiotic resistance and vaccination strategies: A narrative review

Typhoid fever infection – Antibiotic resistance and vaccination strategies: A narrative review

  • Authors: Cristina Masuet-Aumatell, Jorge Atouguia
  • Publication Year: 2021
  • Journal: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, vol 40, art 101946
  • Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101946

ABSTRACT

Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), prevalent in many low- and middle-income countries. In high-income territories, typhoid fever is predominantly travel-related, consequent to travel in typhoid-endemic regions; however, data show that the level of typhoid vaccination in travellers is low. Successful management of typhoid fever using antibiotics is becoming increasingly difficult due to drug resistance; emerging resistance has spread geographically due to factors such as increasing travel connectivity, affecting those in endemic regions and travellers alike.

This review provides an overview of: the epidemiology and diagnosis of typhoid fever; the emergence of drug-resistant typhoid strains in the endemic setting; drug resistance observed in travellers; vaccines currently available to prevent typhoid fever; vaccine recommendations for people living in typhoid-endemic regions; strategies for the introduction of typhoid vaccines and stakeholders in vaccination programmes; and travel recommendations for a selection of destinations with a medium or high incidence of typhoid fever.

KEYWORDS

Salmonella typhi; Risk; Travel; Drug resistance; Bacterial; Typhoid-paratyphoid vaccines

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About GHTM

GHTM is a R&D Unit that brings together researchers with a track record in Tropical Medicine and International & Global Health. It aims at strengthening Portugal's role as a leading partner in the development and implementation of a global health research agenda. Our evidence-based interventions contribute to the promotion of equity in health and to improve the health of populations.

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