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Home / Publications / Observational studies in the era of evidence based medicine: Short review on their relevance, taxonomy and designs

Observational studies in the era of evidence based medicine: Short review on their relevance, taxonomy and designs

  • Authors: Fronteira I
  • Publication Year: 2013
  • Journal: Acta Médica Portuguesa
  • Link: http://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/3975

In this review of the literature, we distinguish between experimental and observational studies, highlighting the importance that the later have gained in the era of evidence-based medicine. We further analyze the value of observational studies in light of experimental studies. We present a taxonomy for observational studies based on units of observation and measurement (cross-sectional or longitudinal). We distinguish between descriptive studies and analytical studies. Then, and given its specificity, we define and present a classification for ecological studies. We define and consider the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional, case control and cohort studies. We analyze the strength of the evidence given by each study design. We finished by examining what should guide the choice of a study design.

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About GHTM

GHTM is a R&D Unit that brings together researchers with a track record in Tropical Medicine and International & Global Health. It aims at strengthening Portugal's role as a leading partner in the development and implementation of a global health research agenda. Our evidence-based interventions contribute to the promotion of equity in health and to improve the health of populations.

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