- Authors: 5th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-5), a joint venture of The European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), Alanio A, Bretagne S, Cesaro S, Cordonnier C, Donnelly JP, Einsele H, Hauser PM, Helweg-Larsen J, Lagrou K, Maertens J, Maschmeyer G, Matos O, Melchers WJ, the European LeukemiaNet (ELN), The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), the Immunocompromised Host Society (ICHS)
- Publication Year: 2016
- Journal: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
- Link: https://academic.oup.com/jac/article/71/9/2397/2237828
The 5th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-5) meeting aimed to establish evidence-based recommendations for the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV-infected patients with an underlying haematological condition, including allogeneic HSCT recipients. Recommendations were based on the grading system of the IDSA. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole given 2-3 times weekly is the drug of choice for the primary prophylaxis of PCP in adults ( A-II: ) and children ( A-I: ) and should be given during the entire period at risk. Recent data indicate that children may benefit equally from a once-weekly regimen ( B-II: ). All other drugs, including pentamidine, atovaquone and dapsone, are considered second-line alternatives when trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is poorly tolerated or contraindicated. The main indications of PCP prophylaxis are ALL, allogeneic HSCT, treatment with alemtuzumab, fludarabine/cyclophosphamide/rituximab combinations, >4 weeks of treatment with corticosteroids and well-defined primary immune deficiencies in children. Additional indications are proposed depending on the treatment regimen.