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Home / Publicações / Atlantic Forest Malaria: A Review of More than 20 Years of Epidemiological Investigation

Atlantic Forest Malaria: A Review of More than 20 Years of Epidemiological Investigation

  • Autores: Julyana Cerqueira Buery, Filomena Euridice Carvalho de Alencar, Ana Maria Ribeiro de Castro Duarte, Ana Carolina Loss, Creuza Rachel Vicente, Lucas Mendes Ferreira, Blima Fux, Márcia Melo Medeiros, Pedro Cravo, Ana Paula Arez, Crispim Cerutti Junior
  • Ano de Publicação: 2021
  • Journal: Microorganisms, 9(1), art 132
  • Link: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010132

ABSTRACT

In the south and southeast regions of Brazil, cases of malaria occur outside the endemic Amazon region near the Atlantic Forest in some coastal states, where Plasmodium vivax is the recognized parasite. Characteristics of cases and vectors, especially Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii, raise the hypothesis of a zoonosis with simians as reservoirs. The present review aims to report on investigations of the disease over a 23-year period. Two main sources have provided epidemiological data: the behavior of Anopheles vectors and the genetic and immunological aspects of Plasmodium spp. obtained from humans, Alouatta simians, and Anopheles spp. mosquitoes. Anopheles (K.) cruzii is the most captured species in the forest canopy and is the recognized vector. The similarity between P. vivax and Plasmodium simium and that between Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium brasilianum shared between simian and human hosts and the involvement of the same vector in the transmission to both hosts suggest interspecies transfer of the parasites. Finally, recent evidence points to the presence of Plasmodium falciparum in a silent cycle, detected only by molecular methods in asymptomatic individuals and An. (K.) cruzii. In the context of malaria elimination, it is paramount to assemble data about transmission in such non-endemic low-incidence areas.

KEYWORDS

malaria; molecular epidemiology; Anopheles; Plasmodium; DNA, mitochondrial; sequence analysis, DNA; zoonoses.

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About GHTM

GHTM is a R&D Center that brings together researchers from IHMT with a track record in Tropical Medicine and International/Global Health. It aims at strengthening Portugal's role as a leading partner in the development and implementation of a global health research agenda. Our evidence-based interventions contribute to the promotion of equity in health and to improve the health of populations.

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